Madilyn Friedrich
Age: 17 years old Age Category: 17-18 Team: Aces Swim Club | Colorado Swimming Participation: 22 meets 96 events
Personal Best
Long course distance
| Event | Time | Age | Date | Standard | Next Standard | Colorado Swimming | Aces Swim Club | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free 50 M | 38.47 | 11 | 07/12/2019 | B: 35.89 (+2.58s | 6.7%) | 784 | 50 | ||
| Free 100 M | 1:22.39 | 12 | 12/19/2020 | B: 1:17.69 (+4.70s | 5.7%) | 689 | 48 | ||
| Free 200 M | 3:08.39 | 13 | 06/04/2021 | B: 2:47.69 (+20.70s | 11.0%) | 636 | 43 | ||
| Back 100 M | 1:41.17 | 12 | 08/29/2020 | B: 1:25.89 (+15.28s | 15.1%) | 685 | 46 | ||
| Breast 100 M | 2:09.16 | 11 | 05/24/2019 | B: 1:37.49 (+31.67s | 24.5%) | 783 | 42 | ||
| IM 200 M | 4:15.96 | 11 | 05/24/2019 | B: 3:09.29 (+66.67s | 26.0%) | 700 | 45 | ||
Short course distance
| Event | Time | Age | Date | Standard | Next Standard | Colorado Swimming | Aces Swim Club | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free 50 Y | 32.70 | 13 | 12/29/2021 | B: 31.39 (+1.31s | 4.0%) | 877 | 56 | ||
| Free 100 Y | 1:11.36 | 13 | 11/20/2021 | B: 1:08.09 (+3.27s | 4.6%) | 793 | 49 | ||
| Free 200 Y | 2:38.59 | 13 | 11/05/2021 | B: 2:27.19 (+11.40s | 7.2%) | 686 | 44 | ||
| Back 100 Y | 1:21.95 | 13 | 11/20/2021 | B: 1:13.39 (+8.56s | 10.4%) | 675 | 49 | ||
| Back 200 Y | 2:54.06 | 13 | 10/15/2021 | B: 2:38.79 (+15.27s | 8.8%) | 462 | 30 | ||
| Breast 100 Y | 1:36.27 | 13 | 11/20/2021 | B: 1:24.79 (+11.48s | 11.9%) | 738 | 47 | ||
| IM 200 Y | 2:58.02 | 13 | 11/20/2021 | B: 2:43.59 (+14.43s | 8.1%) | 620 | 48 | ||
Above are the fastest times that Madilyn Friedrich has achieved in her swimming career. For each event, you can find Madilyn's best time, the corresponding time standard, as well as how much faster Madilyn needs to be to reach the next level. The last columns provide Madilyn rankings at the team and LSC levels. These rankings are based on the Madilyn's personal best, her current age category, and team; and are calculated from all the meets results.
Time Standards
Got the currrent age group time standard
Time standard for the next age group and the gap to reach it
Got the next age group’s time standard.
Short Course Distance
| Event | Best Time | Sectionals | 18U Spring Cup | Futures | Jrs - Winter | US Open | Summer Champ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free 50 Y | 32.70 | 24.89 (+7.81s | 23.9%) | 23.89 (+8.81s | 26.9%) | 23.89 (+8.81s | 26.9%) | 23.29 (+9.41s | 28.8%) | 22.59 (+10.11s | 30.9%) | 22.79 (+9.91s | 30.3%) |
| Free 100 Y | 1:11.36 | 53.99 (+17.37s | 24.3%) | 51.89 (+19.47s | 27.3%) | 51.89 (+19.47s | 27.3%) | 50.39 (+20.97s | 29.4%) | 49.29 (+22.07s | 30.9%) | 49.69 (+21.67s | 30.4%) |
| Free 200 Y | 2:38.59 | 1:56.29 (+42.30s | 26.7%) | 1:52.89 (+45.70s | 28.8%) | 1:52.29 (+46.30s | 29.2%) | 1:49.09 (+49.50s | 31.2%) | 1:46.69 (+51.90s | 32.7%) | 1:47.39 (+51.20s | 32.3%) |
| Back 100 Y | 1:21.95 | 59.49 (+22.46s | 27.4%) | 57.09 (+24.86s | 30.3%) | 57.09 (+24.86s | 30.3%) | 55.09 (+26.86s | 32.8%) | 53.89 (+28.06s | 34.2%) | 54.49 (+27.46s | 33.5%) |
| Back 200 Y | 2:54.06 | 2:08.59 (+45.47s | 26.1%) | 2:04.19 (+49.87s | 28.7%) | 2:04.19 (+49.87s | 28.7%) | 1:59.39 (+54.67s | 31.4%) | 1:56.59 (+57.47s | 33.0%) | 1:57.69 (+56.37s | 32.4%) |
| Breast 100 Y | 1:36.27 | 1:07.59 (+28.68s | 29.8%) | 1:05.49 (+30.78s | 32.0%) | 1:05.49 (+30.78s | 32.0%) | 1:03.09 (+33.18s | 34.5%) | 1:01.79 (+34.48s | 35.8%) | 1:02.79 (+33.48s | 34.8%) |
| IM 200 Y | 2:58.02 | 2:10.49 (+47.53s | 26.7%) | 2:06.39 (+51.63s | 29.0%) | 2:06.39 (+51.63s | 29.0%) | 2:02.19 (+55.83s | 31.4%) | 1:59.49 (+58.53s | 32.9%) | 2:00.59 (+57.43s | 32.3%) |
Long Course Distance
| Event | Best Time | Sectionals | 18U Spring Cup | Futures | Jrs - Winter | US Open | Summer Champ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free 50 M | 38.47 | 28.69 (+9.78s | 25.4%) | 27.39 (+11.08s | 28.8%) | 27.39 (+11.08s | 28.8%) | 26.89 (+11.58s | 30.1%) | 26.29 (+12.18s | 31.7%) | 26.59 (+11.88s | 30.9%) |
| Free 100 M | 1:22.39 | 1:01.89 (+20.50s | 24.9%) | 59.29 (+23.10s | 28.0%) | 59.29 (+23.10s | 28.0%) | 58.19 (+24.20s | 29.4%) | 56.99 (+25.40s | 30.8%) | 57.59 (+24.80s | 30.1%) |
| Free 200 M | 3:08.39 | 2:12.99 (+55.40s | 29.4%) | 2:07.79 (+60.60s | 32.2%) | 2:07.79 (+60.60s | 32.2%) | 2:04.99 (+63.40s | 33.7%) | 2:03.09 (+65.30s | 34.7%) | 2:04.29 (+64.10s | 34.0%) |
| Back 100 M | 1:41.17 | 1:09.49 (+31.68s | 31.3%) | 1:06.79 (+34.38s | 34.0%) | 1:06.79 (+34.38s | 34.0%) | 1:04.79 (+36.38s | 36.0%) | 1:03.69 (+37.48s | 37.0%) | 1:04.39 (+36.78s | 36.4%) |
| Breast 100 M | 2:09.16 | 1:18.79 (+50.37s | 39.0%) | 1:15.99 (+53.17s | 41.2%) | 1:15.99 (+53.17s | 41.2%) | 1:13.79 (+55.37s | 42.9%) | 1:12.19 (+56.97s | 44.1%) | 1:13.29 (+55.87s | 43.3%) |
| IM 200 M | 4:15.96 | 2:31.09 (+104.87s | 41.0%) | 2:26.19 (+109.77s | 42.9%) | 2:26.19 (+109.77s | 42.9%) | 2:22.09 (+113.87s | 44.5%) | 2:19.49 (+116.47s | 45.5%) | 2:20.99 (+114.97s | 44.9%) |
Progression
See how Madilyn Friedrich is improving gradually by choosing the distance and the stroke you are interested in. You can also compare the Madilyn's time to another swimmer's and even view their profile for more information about them.
Select the distance and stroke
Compare with another swimmer
When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows
to review and enter to select. Touch device users, explore by
touch or with swipe gestures.
Meets
See all the meets Madilyn Friedrich has participated in and her achievement. The last event displayed is the most recent. For each event, you can find the Madilyn's time, the progress against Madilyn's best time, the corresponding time standard, as well as how much faster Madilyn needs to be to reach the next level.
| Event | Time | Progress | Standard | Next Standard | Age | Heat | Lane | Ranking | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACES Winter Open | 02/12/2022 | ||||||||
| 100 Y Back | 1:24.01 | +2.06s | B: 1:16.89 (+7.12s | 8.5%) | 13 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:14.65 | +3.29s | B: 1:10.99 (+3.66s | 4.9%) | 13 | 2 | 7 | 1 | ||
| 200 Y Free | 2:45.18 | +6.59s | B: 2:33.59 (+11.59s | 7.0%) | 13 | 2 | 8 | 7 | ||
| ACES Sprint Eliminator | 12/29/2021 | ||||||||
| 50 Y Free | 32.70 | -0.48s (New PB) | B: 32.49 (+0.21s | 0.6%) | 13 | |||||
| 50 Y Back | 38.46 | -1.36s (New PB) | 13 | ||||||
| 100 Y IM | 1:23.39 | -5.27s (New PB) | 13 | ||||||
| CUDA Pentathlon | 11/20/2021 | ||||||||
| 100 Y Breast | 1:36.27 | -4.62s (New PB) | B: 1:28.69 (+7.58s | 7.9%) | 13 | 2 | 7 | 8 | ||
| 100 Y Back | 1:21.95 | -0.18s (New PB) | B: 1:16.89 (+5.06s | 6.2%) | 13 | 3 | 3 | |||
| 200 Y IM | 2:58.02 | -4.58s (New PB) | B: 2:51.79 (+6.23s | 3.5%) | 13 | 3 | 5 | 5 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:11.36 | -0.98s (New PB) | B: 1:10.99 (+0.37s | 0.5%) | 13 | 3 | 1 | 5 | ||
| ACES High Point Fall Invite | 11/05/2021 | ||||||||
| 200 Y Back | 3:00.89 | +6.83s | B: 2:46.39 (+14.50s | 8.0%) | 13 | 6 | 6 | |||
| 50 Y Back | 39.82 | -1.49s (New PB) | 13 | 9 | 6 | 3 | |||
| 100 Y Free | 1:12.34 | -0.76s (New PB) | B: 1:10.99 (+1.35s | 1.9%) | 13 | 4 | 8 | 5 | ||
| 200 Y IM | 3:02.60 | -5.21s (New PB) | B: 2:51.79 (+10.81s | 5.9%) | 13 | 4 | 6 | 3 | ||
| 100 Y Back | 1:23.79 | +1.66s | B: 1:16.89 (+6.90s | 8.2%) | 13 | 1 | 6 | 5 | ||
| 50 Y Free | 34.03 | +0.85s | B: 32.49 (+1.54s | 4.5%) | 13 | 5 | 4 | 2 | ||
| 200 Y Free | 2:38.59 | -0.38s (New PB) | B: 2:33.59 (+5.00s | 3.2%) | 13 | 2 | 6 | 5 | ||
| ACES Developmental Meet #2 | 10/29/2021 | ||||||||
| 200 Y Free | 2:44.87 | +5.90s | B: 2:33.59 (+11.28s | 6.8%) | 13 | 1 | 6 | 6 | ||
| 200 Y Back | 2:59.68 | +5.62s | B: 2:46.39 (+13.29s | 7.4%) | 13 | 2 | 2 | 8 | ||
| 50 Y Free | 34.44 | +1.26s | B: 32.49 (+1.95s | 5.7%) | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| MACS Fall Invite | 10/15/2021 | ||||||||
| 200 Y Free | 2:38.97 | -5.75s (New PB) | B: 2:33.59 (+5.38s | 3.4%) | 13 | 4 | 2 | 5 | ||
| 200 Y Back | 2:54.06 | B: 2:46.39 (+7.67s | 4.4%) | 13 | 5 | 7 | ||||
| 100 Y Back | 1:22.13 | -4.04s (New PB) | B: 1:16.89 (+5.24s | 6.4%) | 13 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:13.10 | -1.16s (New PB) | B: 1:10.99 (+2.11s | 2.9%) | 13 | 4 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 50 Y Free | 33.18 | -1.28s (New PB) | B: 32.49 (+0.69s | 2.1%) | 13 | 2 | 4 | 5 | ||
| FAST June Bonanza | 06/04/2021 | ||||||||
| 200 M Free | 3:08.39 | B: 2:55.29 (+13.10s | 7.0%) | 13 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||
| 100 M Back | 1:43.90 | +2.73s | B: 1:29.69 (+14.21s | 13.7%) | 13 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
| 50 M Free | 39.72 | +1.25s | B: 37.19 (+2.53s | 6.4%) | 13 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
| FAST Unicorn Meet | 04/09/2021 | ||||||||
| 100 Y Back | 1:28.42 | +2.25s | B: 1:16.89 (+11.53s | 13.0%) | 13 | |||||
| 100 Y Free | 1:15.25 | +0.99s | B: 1:10.99 (+4.26s | 5.7%) | 13 | |||||
| 50 Y Free | 34.74 | +0.28s | B: 32.49 (+2.25s | 6.5%) | 13 | |||||
| 100 Y Breast | 1:41.60 | +0.71s | B: 1:28.69 (+12.91s | 12.7%) | 13 | |||||
| 200 Y Free | 2:44.72 | B: 2:33.59 (+11.13s | 6.8%) | 13 | ||||||
| 200 Y IM | 3:07.81 | -3.16s (New PB) | B: 2:51.79 (+16.02s | 8.5%) | 13 | |||||
| DSA vs ACES Dual | 03/12/2021 | ||||||||
| 100 Y Free | 1:15.40 | +1.14s | B: 1:14.69 (+0.71s | 0.9%) | 12 | 2 | 8 | 4 | ||
| 100 Y Breast | 1:40.89 | -17.88s (New PB) | B: 1:36.49 (+4.40s | 4.4%) | 12 | 1 | 3 | 5 | ||
| 200 Y IM | 3:10.97 | -40.72s (New PB) | B: 3:03.89 (+7.08s | 3.7%) | 12 | 1 | 6 | 8 | ||
| MACS vs ACES Dual | 12/19/2020 | ||||||||
| 50 M Breast | 50.10 | +0.00s | B: 49.79 (+0.31s | 0.6%) | 12 | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
| 100 M Free | 1:22.39 | +0.00s | B | BB: 1:19.49 (+2.90s | 3.5%) | 12 | 3 | 5 | 8 | |
| 100 M Free | 1:22.39 | -2.98s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:19.49 (+2.90s | 3.5%) | 12 | 2 | 5 | 4 | |
| 50 M Breast | 50.10 | -3.43s (New PB) | B: 49.79 (+0.31s | 0.6%) | 12 | 2 | 5 | 7 | ||
| 2020 Lowry Age Group Classic | 08/29/2020 | ||||||||
| 50 M Back | 48.95 | +1.66s | B: 44.79 (+4.16s | 8.5%) | 12 | 9 | 1 | 7 | ||
| 100 M Back | 1:41.17 | B: 1:40.59 (+0.58s | 0.6%) | 12 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 100 M Free | 1:25.37 | -1.17s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:19.49 (+5.88s | 6.9%) | 12 | 9 | 6 | 9 | |
| 50 M Free | 38.77 | +0.30s | B: 38.49 (+0.28s | 0.7%) | 12 | 5 | 9 | |||
| 50 M Breast | 53.53 | -1.11s (New PB) | B: 49.79 (+3.74s | 7.0%) | 12 | 1 | 8 | |||
| ACES Age Group IntraSquad | 08/15/2020 | ||||||||
| 50 M Back | 47.29 | -2.86s (New PB) | B: 44.79 (+2.50s | 5.3%) | 12 | 1 | 4 | 2 | ||
| 100 M Free | 1:26.54 | -4.58s (New PB) | B: 1:25.59 (+0.95s | 1.1%) | 12 | 2 | 2 | 6 | ||
| 50 M Breast | 54.64 | -1.91s (New PB) | B: 49.79 (+4.85s | 8.9%) | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Cuda Classic | 01/17/2020 | ||||||||
| 100 Y IM | 1:28.66 | -1.46s (New PB) | B: 1:25.19 (+3.47s | 3.9%) | 11 | 6 | 4 | 2 | ||
| 100 Y Back | 1:26.17 | -11.50s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:19.79 (+6.38s | 7.4%) | 11 | 3 | 5 | ||
| 50 Y Breast | 46.21 | -0.51s (New PB) | B: 43.99 (+2.22s | 4.8%) | 11 | 5 | 4 | 9 | ||
| 50 Y Free | 34.46 | -1.59s (New PB) | B: 33.99 (+0.47s | 1.4%) | 11 | 8 | 7 | 9 | ||
| 50 Y Back | 41.31 | -1.09s (New PB) | B: 38.79 (+2.52s | 6.1%) | 11 | 4 | 6 | 1 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:14.26 | -2.84s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:09.39 (+4.87s | 6.6%) | 11 | 6 | 7 | 9 | |
| FAST Mid-Season Finale | 12/13/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 Y Breast | 46.72 | -3.08s (New PB) | B: 43.99 (+2.73s | 5.8%) | 11 | |||||
| 100 Y Free | 1:17.10 | -2.46s (New PB) | B: 1:14.69 (+2.41s | 3.1%) | 11 | |||||
| 100 Y IM | 1:30.12 | -2.74s (New PB) | B: 1:25.19 (+4.93s | 5.5%) | 11 | |||||
| CUDA Pentathlon XXXII | 11/23/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 Y Breast | 49.80 | -5.76s (New PB) | B: 43.99 (+5.81s | 11.7%) | 11 | 6 | 5 | 8 | ||
| 100 Y IM | 1:32.86 | -4.56s (New PB) | B: 1:25.19 (+7.67s | 8.3%) | 11 | 6 | 5 | 4 | ||
| 50 Y Back | 42.40 | -1.55s (New PB) | B: 38.79 (+3.61s | 8.5%) | 11 | 7 | 1 | 5 | ||
| 50 Y Fly | 42.21 | -5.95s (New PB) | B: 36.89 (+5.32s | 12.6%) | 11 | 4 | 7 | 1 | ||
| 50 Y Free | 36.05 | -0.37s (New PB) | B: 33.99 (+2.06s | 5.7%) | 11 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ACES Last Chance 12 & Under | 07/14/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 M Breast | 57.61 | +1.06s | B: 49.79 (+7.82s | 13.6%) | 11 | 2 | 5 | 6 | ||
| 50 M Free | 39.06 | +0.59s | B: 38.49 (+0.57s | 1.5%) | 11 | 3 | 5 | 4 | ||
| 100 M Free | 1:31.12 | -1.10s (New PB) | B: 1:25.59 (+5.53s | 6.1%) | 11 | 1 | 3 | 6 | ||
| 50 M Back | 51.47 | +1.32s | B: 44.79 (+6.68s | 13.0%) | 11 | 2 | 2 | |||
| Zone 2 Age Group Meet | 07/12/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 M Free | 38.47 | B | BB: 35.89 (+2.58s | 6.7%) | 11 | 2 | 5 | 1 | ||
| 50 M Breast | 56.55 | -4.54s (New PB) | B: 49.79 (+6.76s | 12.0%) | 11 | 1 | 4 | 7 | ||
| 50 M Back | 50.15 | -3.25s (New PB) | B: 44.79 (+5.36s | 10.7%) | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 100 M Free | 1:32.22 | -6.72s (New PB) | B: 1:25.59 (+6.63s | 7.2%) | 11 | 1 | 6 | 2 | ||
| ACES Spring Open | 05/24/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 M Fly | 57.39 | B: 41.79 (+15.60s | 27.2%) | 11 | 5 | 3 | 1 | |||
| 100 M Breast | 2:09.16 | B: 1:50.39 (+18.77s | 14.5%) | 11 | 2 | 4 | ||||
| 50 M Back | 53.40 | B: 44.79 (+8.61s | 16.1%) | 11 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||
| 50 M Breast | 1:01.09 | B: 49.79 (+11.30s | 18.5%) | 11 | 3 | 4 | 6 | |||
| 100 M Free | 1:38.94 | B: 1:25.59 (+13.35s | 13.5%) | 11 | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||
| 200 M IM | 4:15.96 | B: 3:30.59 (+45.37s | 17.7%) | 11 | 2 | 5 | 6 | |||
| ACES Winter Open | 02/16/2019 | ||||||||
| 100 Y IM | 1:37.42 | -7.29s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:33.19 (+4.23s | 4.3%) | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | |
| 50 Y Free | 36.42 | -2.41s (New PB) | B | BB: 35.99 (+0.43s | 1.2%) | 10 | 4 | 8 | 6 | |
| 100 Y Free | 1:19.56 | -7.03s (New PB) | BB | A: 1:11.49 (+8.07s | 10.1%) | 10 | 3 | 7 | 2 | |
| 100 Y Back | 1:37.67 | -7.82s (New PB) | B | BB: 1:33.99 (+3.68s | 3.8%) | 10 | 3 | 6 | 6 | |
| 50 Y Back | 43.95 | -4.51s (New PB) | B | BB: 43.29 (+0.66s | 1.5%) | 10 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| MACS Winter Invite | 01/05/2019 | ||||||||
| 50 Y Free | 39.07 | +0.24s | B | BB: 35.99 (+3.08s | 7.9%) | 10 | 8 | 2 | 4 | |
| 50 Y Back | 48.46 | B | BB: 43.29 (+5.17s | 10.7%) | 10 | 6 | 6 | 8 | ||
| 100 Y Back | 1:45.49 | B | BB: 1:33.99 (+11.50s | 10.9%) | 10 | 8 | 4 | 3 | ||
| 100 Y IM | 1:44.71 | -2.68s (New PB) | B: 1:44.29 (+0.42s | 0.4%) | 10 | 6 | 1 | 8 | ||
| 100 Y Breast | 1:58.77 | B | BB: 1:46.89 (+11.88s | 10.0%) | 10 | 5 | 6 | 3 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:29.47 | +2.88s | B | BB: 1:21.09 (+8.38s | 9.4%) | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | |
| 50 Y Fly | 48.16 | B | BB: 42.69 (+5.47s | 11.4%) | 10 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
| FAST Mid-Season Finale | 12/07/2018 | ||||||||
| 50 Y Breast | 55.56 | -1.39s (New PB) | B: 54.59 (+0.97s | 1.7%) | 10 | 4 | 6 | 7 | ||
| 100 Y Free | 1:33.02 | +6.43s | B: 1:30.79 (+2.23s | 2.4%) | 10 | 4 | 6 | 3 | ||
| 100 Y IM | 1:47.39 | B: 1:44.29 (+3.10s | 2.9%) | 10 | 1 | 2 | 8 | |||
| ACES Fall Hi-Point Open | 11/02/2018 | ||||||||
| 200 Y IM | 3:51.69 | B: 3:42.09 (+9.60s | 4.1%) | 10 | 5 | 9 | 7 | |||
| 100 Y Free | 1:26.59 | B | BB: 1:21.09 (+5.50s | 6.4%) | 10 | 7 | 6 | 6 | ||
| 50 Y Breast | 56.95 | B: 54.59 (+2.36s | 4.1%) | 10 | 7 | 5 | 2 | |||
| 50 Y Free | 38.83 | B | BB: 35.99 (+2.84s | 7.3%) | 10 | 8 | 4 | 9 | ||
Disclaimer: This Website is not affiliated with USA Swimming or any Local Swim Committee. The rankings and times displayed on this website are unofficial and should not be viewed as such. We update our information regularly, but we cannot guarantee that the data is accurate, timely, or complete. The only purpose of this website is entertainment. None of the information here should be used for university admission applications.